He Moku, He Ahupuaʻa

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Photo: Kalani Akana

Ua hele ā kamaʻāina kākou me ka manaʻo o ke “ahupuaʻa,” he mahele ʻāina nō ia e hoholo ana mai ke kuahiwi a i ke kai. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka poʻe Hawaiʻi he kūkohu manakia ʻāina kēia no ka hānai ʻana i ke ola kanaka inā hānai a mālama ʻia ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻo ka ahupuaʻa he ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā kānaka.

ʻOiai pēlā nō ka hapanui o nā ahupuaʻa, hoholo ia i uka a i kai, ʻaʻole pēlā ke ʻano o nā ahupuaʻa a pau. E laʻa, paʻa ʻo Makawao i uka o Maui ma nā hene wai ʻolu o Haleakalā, ʻaʻohe komo ʻana pololei i kai. Aia hoʻi kekahi mau ahupuaʻa ma Lāhaina – ʻaʻohe kāhi komo ʻana pololei i ka waonahele.

Ma muli o kēia ʻano kūʻē lula, ua noʻonoʻo hou kekahi mau ʻōiwi akamai e pili ana i kēia manaʻo o ka “ʻōnaehana ahupuaʻa.” Noʻonoʻo lākou, ua ʻoi aku ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka “ʻōnaehana moku.”* Wahi a lākou poʻe akeakamai, aia ʻeono mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōnaehana moku:

  1. Ua kālai a hoʻonohonoho ko kākou kūpuna i ka ʻāina i mea e hoʻohana pono ʻia ai nā kumuwaiwai o ka uka, o ke kai. Penei ke kālai ʻana: moku, kalana, ʻokana, ahupuaʻa, ʻili, moʻo, paukū, kīhāpai a me nā mahele mahi ʻāina e like me ka mahinaʻai a me ka māla. Ua ʻike laulā ʻia nō nā wahi kūpono no ke ulu pili, wauke, ʻuala, kalo, a pēlā aku.
  2. Ua mālama ʻia nā kaiaola like ʻole o ka moku ma nā kāʻei ʻāina o ka wao ā hiki i ke kai. Holo kēia kāʻei mai kēlā ahupuaʻa i kēia ahupuaʻa, e.l. mai Hāʻena a i Kalihiwai ma ka moku o Haleleʻa, Kauaʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka noho konohiki ʻana o nā ahupuaʻa me kona mau kaiaola e holo ana ana mai uka a i ke kai. ʻOkoʻa ka noho konohiki ʻana o ka moku me ka hoholo ʻana o nā kāʻei mai kēlā ʻaoʻao, kēia ʻaoʻao. He papa kū ke ahupuaʻa; he papa moe ka moku.
  3. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka pūʻuo o kēlā me kēia kumuwaiwai ma loko o ka moku ma muli o hoʻokahi ahupuaʻa wale nō. ʻO ka ʻānaeholo o Puʻuloa kekahi laʻana. Noho ka ʻanae ma Puʻuloa holoʻokoʻa ma ka moku o ʻEwa a ʻaole ma hoʻokahi ahupuaʻa wale nō. No laila hiki i ke konohiki ke mālama ma o hoʻokahi kapu i ka wā kūpono no nā ahupuaʻa a pau i loko o ka moku.
  4. ʻO ke kau kapu kekahi mea hoʻohana no ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. E laʻa, ua kapu ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpelu ma ke kau wela no ka mea ʻo ia ka manawa o ka pua iʻa.
  5. Kuapo ke kau kapu e like me ke kau kapu ʻōpelu, kau kapu aku. ʻOkoʻa ke kau kapu ma ka wā ola o ke kumuwaiwai e like me ke kapu ma luna o ka moi liʻi (5 -8 kenimika) wale nō. A ua kau ke kapu ma luna o kekahi kumuwaiwai inā emi ka heluna o ka pūʻuo, e laʻa ka pūʻuo ula.
  6. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi papahana loiloi no ka hoʻonohonoho a hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaiaola like ʻole o ka moku. Na kekahi ʻaha e hoʻoholo me kekahi ʻōnaehana mālama, hoʻōla, hoʻomāhuahua i nā kumuwaiwai o ka ʻāina a me ke kai. He papahana loiloi kuʻuna kēia no Molokaʻi ka Heke.

He mau manaʻo hoihoi a mōakāka kēia ʻōnaehana moku. ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻia e ka hui noiʻi me ke kaʻakālai o kēia au, ua kaukaʻi nō lākou ma ka ʻike kuʻuna o nā kūpuna. Maʻalahi ke kiʻina o ia ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele.

*The Moku System: Managing Biocultural Resources for Abundance within Social-Ecological Regions in Hawaiʻi. (2018). Winter, K.B., Beamer, K., Vaughan, M.B., Friedlander, A.M., Kido, M., Whitehead, A. N., Akutagawa, M. K. H., Kurashima, N., Lucas, M. P., Nyberg, B.