The sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom was formally recognized by England and France via the signing of the Anglo-Franco Proclamation, and through a verbal acknowledgement by the United States thanks to the efforts of Timoteo Ha‘alilio, William Richards, and George Simpson. For the next 50 years Hawai‘i celebrated this national holiday, closing businesses and government offices to enjoy horse races, mele, parades, feasts, speeches, and church gatherings. Learn more at “Pa‘a Ke Aupuni: The Reel History of Hawai‘i” www.kamakakoi.com/paa.